ACRL Academic Library Services for Graduate Students Interest Group next Tuesday afternoon for a panel discussion about online services for graduate students, including changes folks have made during recent building closures and other services changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The bulk of the time in this session will be planned for taking audience questions for discussion among the panelists.
Racial diversity in librarianship is important because libraries and archives are responsible for maintaining the accuracy of the historical and cultural records of society as a whole -- not just one group. It is essential that the fundamental organizations responsible for the creation, selection, preservation, and dissemination of knowledge that reflects the diversity of the society that they seek to serve. Unfortunately, the reality in North America is that minority librarians face challenges in the profession, and a recently retracted editorial by a Dean of Libraries really hit home when his racist-laden rant was somehow published in a (now less) reputable journal.
Although I'm a librarian of diversity, my professional expertise was not set on diversity in libraries. I didn't start off my career with it as part of my professional agenda. I was interested in issues related to social justice, but it wasn't until I started my career in this field that I realized I needed to be involved. A profession that doesn't reflect its users is not healthy, especially one that serves the public. I'm afraid while most in our profession recognize this homogeneity, its colonial history is unlikely to change in our lifetime. This presentation speaks to me as a BIPOC. In my own reflection, I will add three main themes that visible minority librarians and workers face in the profession:
(1) Isolation – There’s certain isolation when it comes to discussing topics such as race and discrimination. Rhonda Fowler has discussed her experiences of isolation. “I felt that most of my colleagues wanted a pleasant working environment, and really didn’t understand what I was talking about because it had not happened to them.” According to Peggy Johnson, “libraries do hire diverse librarians but they want you to conform to the dominant culture. If you don’t conform to the culture, then you might have experienced that they don’t understand.”
(2) Implicit Bias - The importance of reducing implicit bias in the workplace cannot be overstated. Implicit intergroup bias has far-reaching negative effects in many organizational domains, including, but not limited to, selection, retention (including compensation and promotion issues), teams-related issues, general work environment, and worker self-esteem and well-being. “Micro-invalidations” as it’s labeled – the act of dismissing what is actually experienced by the minority individual. “Oh, you’re too sensitive” or “That’s not what I meant” comments are rarely helpful, and often and deliberately sidesteps the uncomfortable discussion.
(3) Exclusion – Minority librarians also have vulnerabilities when it comes to collaboration. Rhonda Fowler laments how in her twenty-five-year career as an academic librarian only one non-minority librarian approached her for collaboration on scholarship. This experience of exclusion is well-documented in academic research, and discrimination has revealed that members of different social groups tend to mostly collaborate with in-group members which diminish the diversity of social networks.
Maya Angelou's quote "When you know better, you do better" is so apt in our times. I'm afraid there are no easy answers (or any at all) to what can be done. I don't want to navel-gaze at the problem, it's too complex to solve on paper like a mathematical formula, but I wonder if the reason why librarianship languishes in identity crises (on topics such as the MLIS degree, titles, accreditation) is really a result of this colonial framework of groupthink. Included are some resources below that can better inform us and for further reading. Canada
“2018 Census of Canadian Academic Librarians” by CAPAL – Canadian Association of Professional Academic Librarians [Link]
“Aboriginal and Visible Minority Librarians: Oral Histories from Canada” a book edited by Maha Kumaran and Deborah Lee [Link]
“Identifying the visible minority librarians in Canada: A national survey” by Maha Kumaran and Heather Cai [Link]
Mary Kandiuk – Librarian at York University – “Promoting Racial and Ethnic Diversity among Canadian Academic Librarians” [Link]
United States
“Where Are All the Librarians of Colour?” book by Rebecca Hankins and Miguel Juarez [Link]
"Asian American Librarians and Library Services" edited by Janet Clarke, Raymond Pun, and Monnee Tong [Link]
"Racing to the Crossroads of Scholarly Communication and Democracy: But Who Are We Leaving Behind? – In the Library with the Lead Pipe" by April Hathcock – [Link]
I have been Research Commons Librarian for two-years now, and it's been a wonderful time learning this role and new service in an academic library. There are only a handful of Research Commons Librarians in the world and as a new functional position that mostly specializes in supporting the research needs of graduate students, faculty, and researchers, every moment feels as if it's an evolutionary process, small steps that took leaps and bounds looking back. One of the more interesting parts of the role is articulating the role of the Research Commons and how it fits into the existing services of the Library. “Research Commons” may mean different things to different people, but Elliot Felix has argued that if we take it as the umbrella term, we can see seven distinct roles or functions of a Research Commons:
Club
Service hub
Studio
Lab
Incubator
Connector
Showcase
Research Commons has even entered the moniker of public libraries as evidenced in this update in Russia. My research over the past two years has been examining the rise of the Research Commons and its evolution on the spectrum of the 'commons'. Is it just space or a service? In my view, it's really a careful and thoughtful blend of the two. Here are some Research Commons around the world.
“a multidisciplinary hub supporting research endeavours, partnerships, and education. We are a community space that embraces both new and traditional exploratory scholarship and provides access to services and expertise for the advancement of research”
"Supports the research endeavours of the University community, with particular focus on graduate students during all stages of the research lifecycle - ideas, partners, proposal writing, research process, and publication - and provides easy access to both physical and virtual research resources."
"A technology-enhanced, collaborative space that brings together services and resources to support researchers. The Commons includes spaces, support, and equipment for integrating technology and research."
"The Edge extends Duke University Libraries’ mission by providing a collaborative space for interdisciplinary, data-driven, digitally reliant or team-based research."
"The center for the Research Library's flexible, technology-enabled spaces in which students and faculty can utilize library resources, conduct research, and collaborate with one another."
"Leverages campus partnerships to provide support services at each stage of the research lifecycle. It enhances the Libraries’ mission by providing a hub for collaborative, interdisciplinary research that is both expertise and technology enabled."
"Is a technology enriched space for faculty, researchers, and graduate students to pursue research and receive expert copyright, data, digital humanities, digitization, scholarly communications, and usability consultation services. Scholarly Commons services are supported by experts in the Scholarly Commons, subject specialists at the University Library, and partners throughout campus."
"Including the GIS and Spatial Data Center and the Media Lab, it expands the boundaries of the traditional library through support in core areas such as research organization, statistical and geospatial analysis, data visualization, and media production."
"comprises quiet and collaborative spaces on Floor 5. The staff, technology, equipment, and furnishings you’ll find in the Research Commons ensure that users can work with maximum productivity."
COVID-19, the disease that causes a respiratory illness with flu-like symptoms, has forever changed and reshaped the way the society has comfortably settled in for the past century of the industrial and information era. Unless if one is in a remote part of the world untied to society, everyone has been affected by the political, economic, and social consequences. Zoom - If it weren't popular already for companies using videoconferencing for telecommuting, the Zoom app has shot up to ubiquity for most who are now working from home, with one media outlet christening it as the "darling of remote workers." It's quickly becoming a verb for those who need to community digitally over the web and sits atop as of the most popular free apps in dozens of countries. It speaks the future of working for those who don't need an office or an organization that doesn't necessarily need to spare physical spaces for its workforce, particularly as workers become disposable upon projects. It's an eerie
Amazon - "Coronavirus Is Speeding Up the Amazonification of the Planet" as one article puts it, and as restaurants, bars, and local shops close down, Amazon is quickly swooping to fill the void of customers and jobs. Amazon is taking advantage of the gap by welcoming these unemployed staffers "until things return to normal and their past employer is able to bring them back" - which of course may take a while -- or never -- depending on the economic damage of Covid-19. The consumer shift to online retailers from physical storefronts has been happening already, and this may be the tipping point in accelerating the takeover over the retail market. I can't blame Amazon. I simply can purchase more items instantaneously with a click of a button and forget about it until it arrives at my front door.
Netflix - In this age of the pandemic, who isn't streaming from an online service during those quiet quarantine hours into the night? It seems like what entertained you yesterday evening on Netflix has become watercooler talk. Aside from its entertainment, Netflix has really driven home the ubiquity of streaming collections and digital platforms that consumers now rely on more so than ever along with broadband internet. Of course, it's not just Netflix, but other services such as Amazon Prime, Hulu, HBO GO, and Xfinity. While on the one hand this divergence away from the cable networks and big Hollywood may appear to disrupt traditional media platforms, has it really changed anything? It seems that much of the same monolithic and cultural hegemony continues albeit in another technology. The question remains, what's really changed after this is all over?
This video is part of the #dariahTeach platform (http://teach.dariah.eu), an open-source, community-driven platform for teaching and training materials for the digital arts and humanities. As part of the course Introduction to Digital Humanities and the series Digital Humanities in Practice, this video discusses text visualization in Digital Humanities, emphasising that visualisation is not the end product but an intellectual process of thinking and interpreting text.
In their book in Hermeneutica, Rockwell and Sinclair suggest:
"In the slippage between our literary notion of a text and the computer's literal processing lie the disappointment and the possibility of text analysis. Computers cannot understand a text for us. They can, however, do things that may surprise us."
Over the last year, I've been using Palladio to examine datasets of the Chinese headtax project, which makes it easy to create bivariate network graphs to illustrate relationships between two dimensions. By default, Palladio creates a force-directed layout, which is different from Gephi. Palladio, at the same time, is only limited to this layout. The platform has no way of doing computational or algorithmic analysis of your graphs; you will need a more powerful program like Gephi to do that work. The most powerful method for creating networks come from programming languages such as R, Python, and Javascript. These languages allow you to control various algorithmic and aesthetic aspects of network visualizations. Any dimension of the data can be used as the source and target of a graph.
Regardless, I still find that knowing a bit of each of the data visualization tools would be helpful for any researcher, in any phase of their research process and lifecycle. The following video tutorials is what helps me keep myself informed about not only how to use the tools, but also weighing the strengths and weaknesses of a particular approach to playing around with the data. I'd be interested in hearing how you approach your data. How do you learn the tools of your trade and then decide which would be the best for your own analyses?
Is Shakespeare really Shakespeare? This is a question I pose whenever I'm asked about what is digital humanities. In Shakespeare Beyond Doubt: Evidence, Argument, Controversy, two chapters are devoted to application of stylometry to Shakespeare's works and goes into much detail. "Authorship and the evidence of stylometrics" by MacDonald Jackson and "What does textual evidence reveal about the author?" by James Mardock and Eric Rasmussen discuss an interesting aspect of these studies is that computer models using different algorithms come to similar conclusions as scholars from the "analog" era.
In 2013, The New Oxford Shakespeare made ripples in the literary world credited Christopher Marlowe as a co-author of Shakespeare’s “Henry VI,” Parts 1, 2, and 3. Now, I've along with many throughout our literary studies have been told that there's an inevitable Marlowe-Shakespeare connection, but it isn't until more recently that scholars using distant reading techniques have used computer-aided analysis of linguistic patterns across databases to further this argument, and as Gary Taylor proposes that "Shakespeare has now fully entered the era of Big Data." Daniel Pellock-Pelzner points out that writing a play in the sixteenth century was a bit like writing a screenplay today, with many hands revising a company’s product. The difference is that scholars from the New Oxford Shakespeare reduces the long-held hypothesis since the Victorian era that algorithms can truly tease out the work of individual hands.
I'm really fascinated to continue exploring this facet of literary studies, and I'm just at the beginning of my own journey. I'm currently working on data in the sense of using R programming (which is also used in stylometry) to study the early Chinese migrants coming to Canada, and studying the data to discern patterns of migration and kinship networks. Certainly, dipping into the literary and the historical analysis is very much in the spirit of DH.
